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集中連載:「サラブレッドはコースで演技する」第5回

Course06

■仕掛け③「大回り、小回り」
大回り、小回りとは2種類のカーブ、「複合カーブ」と「スパイラルカーブ」のことである。

Hukugoucurve_1大回りの「複合カーブ」とは、直線が集まってそれが全体としてカーブになっているものと考えてほしい(右図は分かりやすくしたもの)。直線で構成されているため、複合カーブではあまりスピードを落とさなくてもコーナーを回ることができるその反面、コーナーでスピードを落とすことが出来ないため、競走馬にとっては息を入れることが難しくなる


Spiralcurve_1小回りの「スパイラルカーブ」とは、円のように回っていくカーブである(右図参照)。スパイラルカーブで外に振られないように回るためには、どうしてもスピードを落とさざるを得ないスピードを落としながら回るため、競走馬はコーナーで息を入れることができる

つまり、同じ距離を走るにしても、途中のコーナーで一息つける小回り(スパイラルカーブ)のコースと、そうできない大回り(複合カーブ)のコースでは要求されるスタミナが違ってくる。すべてのコーナーが「複合カーブ」である東京競馬場が、タフなコースであると言われるゆえんはここにある。

■コーナーがきついとペースのアップダウンが激しくなる
コーナーが大回り(複合カーブ)か、小回り(スパイラルカーブ)によって、展開が大きく影響されることがある。人間でも同じことなのだが、馬もコーナーを曲がる時には、必ずスピードを落としながら曲がる。そうでないと、どこに吹っ飛んで行ってしまうか分からないからである。

かつてサクラエイコウオーという馬がいたが、この馬は新馬戦で抜群の手応えで4コーナーを回りながら、コーナーを回りきれずに逸走(正規のコースから外れてしまうこと)してしまったのだ。後には重賞を勝つほどの馬であったが、あれほどの勢いでコーナーから飛んで行ってしまった馬を後にも先にも私は見たことがない。

話を元に戻すと、コーナーがきつければきついほど、それだけスピードを落として曲がらなければならないため、コーナーのきつい(小回りの)コースでは、ペースが落ち着きやすいことになる。しかし、一概にコーナーがきついと全体のペースが緩くなってしまうかというと、必ずしもそうとは言えない。なぜなら、小回りのためコーナーでペースが落ち着きやすく、先行している馬に有利な流れになることを騎手が意識しすぎることがあるからである。そのため、焦って普段より早く仕掛けてしまうことによって、結果的にペースが速くなってしまうこともあるのだ。

いずれにせよ、コーナーがきつい(小回りである)ことによって、ペースのアップダウンが激しくなり、展開にも大きな乱れを与えることが少なくなく、小回りのコースでは展開的な紛れが多くなるという結果につながる

photo by fake Place

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