集中連載:「調教のすべて」第6回
4の「運動時間が長くなる」については、坂路コースで調教するにはどうしても時間が掛かり、それが運動量の増加につながるということである。従来のコースでの調教では、コースで15分間、厩舎から調教馬場への行き帰りで20分間として、合計しても40分もかからなかった。ところが、坂路では一度駆け上がったら、ダクで坂を下り、逍遥馬道を15分~20分くらいかけて歩いて坂路のスタート地点に戻らなければならない。これを何度も繰り返すのだから、1頭につき1時間以上の時間をかけて調教していることになる。
前述した森秀行厩舎では通常1本しか追い切られないが、準備運動として1時間歩かせてから坂路コースに入り、調教が終わると、クーリングダウンとしてまた1時間歩かせるという。時計になる調教は変わらなくても、それ以外の部分での運動量が多いということである。西高東低の理由として、坂路コースが出来たことは目に見えるそれだが、坂路コースを使うことに伴う運動量の増加が本質的な理由だと森調教師は言う。馬にとっては、歩くことも大切なトレーニングになるのだ。
これは余談になるが、馬を歩かせることを常歩(なみあし)というが、常歩は意識して歩くことなので、馬はこれが好きではない。しかし、人に引かれて歩くときは必ずそうするのだと教えておくと、馬は勝手な行動をしなくなり、人間の指示に素直に従うようになる。それによって、人も馬もより安全になるだけではなく、レースに行ってもジョッキーの合図にきちんと応えて走られる馬になる。
また、常歩は足腰の筋肉を鍛えるのに良い。馬の足腰は走ることによっても鍛えられるが、常歩ではそれとはまた違った筋肉の使い方をするので、毎日きっちりと常歩を続けていると、筋肉の付き方が変わってくるのだ。コースを走るだけの調教ではアンバランスになりがちな筋肉の発達を、常歩で歩くことによって防ぐことが出来るのである。
つまり、きちんと歩けない馬はレースでも走らないのである。競馬場のパドックでも、きちんと歩けているかどうかは常にチェックしておくべきだろう。特に若駒戦や未勝利戦でよく見られるが、脚を引きずってダラダラと歩いたり、きちんと足を上げてリズミカルに歩けていないような馬は、レースに行っても気性の悪さを出してあっさり負けてしまうケースが多い。
5の「ピッチ走法をマスター出来る」については、坂路コースは大股では上れないので、小股で脚を速く出そうとするため、自然とピッチ走法をマスターできるということだ。ピッチ走法を覚えると、ゲートから出て、すぐにスピードに乗れる、つまりスッと良いポジションを取られるようになるという利点がある。短距離が中心の新馬戦で、坂路コースで調教された馬が活躍するのは、スタートダッシュの力を養うことが出来るからでもある。
最近でいうと、アストンマーチャンは典型的なピッチ走法である。普通の馬なら31歩で駆け上がってくるところを、35歩かかると言われている。それでも、51秒台で登坂してくる以上、よほど脚の回転数が多いのだろう。究極のピッチ走法であるアストンマーチャンが、速さ自慢の猛者たちが集まるスプリンターズSでも楽にハナを切れたのは、決して不思議なことではない。
それから、ピッチ走法をマスターすることによって、瞬発力を養えるということもある。ここで言う瞬発力とは、上がり3ハロン33秒といった俗に言う“切れる”という意味とは少し違う。勝負どころの直線で騎手がゴーサインを出した時に、即座に反応して伸びることが出来るかどうかということである。瞬時に脚の回転を速くしなければならないが、その際、ピッチ走法をマスターしていることが瞬発力につながるということだ。
たとえば、ポップロックはなかなかG1レースを勝ち切れない馬だが、この馬には瞬発力がないという欠点がある。勝負どころで器用な脚が使えないからこそ、他馬よりもエンジンの掛かりが遅くなってしまい、ジワジワとは伸びるが最後は届かないというレースを繰り返すことになる。府中や京都の外回りのコースであれば克服可能だが、小回りや直線の短い競馬場では苦戦を強いられる。実際に、ポップロックも坂路コースで調教されることはあるが、ピッチ走法で走ることが出来ないため、速い時計が出ない。

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