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牝馬の「瞬発力」について

先日のエントリー「夏は牝馬のウソ本当」の内容について、「けいけん豊富な毎日」のけん♂さんからご質問を頂戴したので、この場を借りて補足説明をさせてもらいたい。けん♂さんの質問内容は以下の通り。

勾配の急な競馬場で牝馬が活躍しにくいという理由には非常に納得させられました。たしかに牡馬の方が力があるでしょうし生物学的に説明出来そうです。気になったのは瞬発力、という点。人間で見ると100m走でも男性のタイムの方が速いわけで、瞬間的な加速力についても生物学的に牡馬優位であるんじゃないかと・・・。50m走なら黒人よりも日本人の方が速い、という話を聞いたことがありますが、そういう感じで筋肉の質に違いがあるのでしょうか?

確かに、人間で考えてみると、女性よりも男性のタイムの方が速い。ちょうど先日、世界陸上で男子100m走を見終えたばかりなので、男子の短距離ランナーの圧倒的な爆発力が印象に残っていて、余計にそう思える。暑さに対する我慢強さや環境に対する適応力は人間に置き換えたにもかかわらず、こと瞬発力について話は別とするのはズルイ気もするが、やはり競馬でいう瞬発力と人間の短距離走では異なると考えるべきなのだろうか。

そもそも「瞬発力」とは何だろう?俗に言われる、上がり3ハロンが33秒台だから瞬発力があるという意味ではない。これは厳密に述べると、上がりの速い競馬に対応できる能力ということである(だからと言ってこの使い方が間違っているわけではなく、状況に応じて、そういう使われ方をすることもあっても問題ないと私は思う)。ここでいう「瞬発力」とは、瞬間的にスピードを上げる能力のこと。つまり、「瞬発力」に富んでいるとは、一瞬のうちにトップスピードに達することが出来るということである。

そういった定義の下、牡馬に比べて牝馬の方が「瞬発力」に富んでいるのである。牝馬の方がトップスピードに乗るまでの時間が短い、ということである。ラスト3ハロンとかそういう単位ではなく、もっと短い距離での一瞬のスピードの話なのだ。よく牝馬特有の切れ味という言い回しをされるのは、つまりそういうことである。牡馬がスピードに乗らんとしている時に、牝馬はあっという間にトップスピードに達してしまうということだ。

Syunpaturyoku by fake Place

なぜ牝馬は「瞬発力」に富んでいるかというと、気性と馬体のサイズという理由があると私は考えている。気性について述べると、牝馬は牡馬に比べ、総じて気性がきつい。癇性(かんしょう)が激しいと言い換えることも出来る。この癇性の激しさが、ジョッキーに追われた時(つまり獲物に追われている時)の反応の速さとして出るということである。

また、馬体のサイズについて述べると、牝馬は牡馬に比べ、総じて馬体が小さい。馬体が軽いと言い換えることも出来る。この馬体の軽さが、トップスピードに乗るまでの時間の早さとして出るということである。たとえば、軽自動車と2トントラックが同じ速さで走っていて、そこから一気にスピードを上げて競争することをイメージしてもらうと分かりやすい。2トントラックがジワジワとしかスピードを上げられず喘いでいるのを横目に、軽自動車は一瞬にしてトップスピードに乗ってしまうだろう。車体が重ければ重いほど、ギアチェンジをして瞬間的にスピードを上げるまでに、時間を要してしまうからである。

ここで述べているのはあくまでも一般的な話であり、全ての馬に当てはまるわけではない。分かりやすくするために、牡馬と牝馬と二分しているだけである。馬体が大きく、のんびりした牝馬もいるし、馬体が小さく、癇性の激しい牡馬もいる。牝馬が必ずしも瞬発力に富んでいるとは限らないのである。だからこそ、実際の競馬では個々の馬を見ていかなければならず、そのためにも、なぜそうなるかという理由を知っておかなければならない。そこが競馬というゲームの難しさであり、また奥深いところでもあるのだ。

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Comments

早速のエントリー、ありがとうございます。

重い馬よりも軽い馬の方がトップスピードに
乗るまでが早い・・・たしかにそう考えると
馬格がないステイゴールド産駒の切れ味も説明出来る
と思います。なるほど!

逆に馬格のある馬はスピードに乗ったあとに
慣性の法則?でトップスピードを長く維持出来る・・
アイビスSDなどでデカイ馬が活躍するのも
説明出来そうですね。

無論、おっしゃるとおり基本は各馬の特徴を掴むこと。
総論と各論と・・競馬は本当に面白いです♪

Posted by: けん♂ | August 20, 2009 at 12:12 AM

けん♂さん

こんばんは。

ステイゴールド産駒は切れますよね。

ディープインパクトも今旬のブエナビスタも、馬体がコンパクトゆえの切れがあると思います。

それから、馬格のある馬が慣性の法則でトップスピードを維持するとは、大変斬新な考え方ですね!なるほどです。

今週の札幌記念は楽しみですね。

ブエナビスタがどんなレースを見せて、凱旋門賞へ旅立ってくれるのか、テレビの前で正座して観たいと思います。

Posted by: 治郎丸敬之 | August 21, 2009 at 01:27 AM

ちょっとご無沙汰です。

牝馬は瞬発力が高いと言われるのは斤量の影響もあると思います。
個人的に、斤量はスローでこそ影響すると思う(=瞬発力が問われる条件)ので。古い話にはなりますが、天皇賞のヘヴンリーロマンス、ダンスインザムードの好走要因はこれ(超スローで斤量差のある牝馬が有利になった)だと思うので。
ヘヴンリーは馬体重が500キロ台で牡馬と遜色ありませんし、ダンスインザムードも460キロ後半ですから。

斤量は反応の速さにかかる部分は多少なりともあるはずです。

Posted by: Special Week | August 26, 2009 at 12:49 PM

Special Weekさん

こんばんは。

斤量の影響…確かにそうですね。

馬体重の原理と同じ(重いと瞬時にスピードを上げづらい)ですよね。

ちょっと私の中で盲点になっていました。

天皇賞のヘヴンリーロマンス、ダンスインザムードの好走要因は斤量差というものもあると思います。

そして、ここまで来ると、牝馬同士の瞬発力勝負になった時は?という疑問も出てきますよね。

いやー、競馬は奥が深いです。

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